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Henry Kissinger - перевод на французский
![Kissinger with German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] on June 21, 2017](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chancellor Merkel greets Henry Kissinger (35058128010).jpg?width=200 "Kissinger with German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] on June 21, 2017")
![Ford and Kissinger conversing on the [[White House]] grounds, August 1974](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ford and Kissinger conversing, on grounds of White House, 16 Aug 1974.jpg?width=200 "Ford and Kissinger conversing on the [[White House]] grounds, August 1974")
![[[Colin Powell]], Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]], Secretary of State [[John Kerry]], and Kissinger in March 2016](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Former Secretary Powell, Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau, Secretary Kerry, and Former Secretary Kissinger Chat at the State Luncheon in Honor of the Prime Minister (25050276164).jpg?width=200 "[[Colin Powell]], Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]], Secretary of State [[John Kerry]], and Kissinger in March 2016")
.jpg?width=200 "Portrait of Kissinger as a Harvard senior in 1950")
![Kissinger at the [[LBJ Library]] in 2016](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry Kissinger at the LBJ Library (2016).jpg?width=200 "Kissinger at the [[LBJ Library]] in 2016")
.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger during a 1961 visit to Israel")
![Henry and [[Nancy Kissinger]] at the Metropolitan Opera opening in 2008](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry and Nancy Kissinger.jpg?width=200 "Henry and [[Nancy Kissinger]] at the Metropolitan Opera opening in 2008")
![Kissinger and King [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia]] in [[Riyadh]] on March 19, 1975. In the far background behind Faisal is his half-brother, the future [[King Fahd]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/King Faisal bin Abdulaziz 5.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger and King [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia]] in [[Riyadh]] on March 19, 1975. In the far background behind Faisal is his half-brother, the future [[King Fahd]].")
![[[Suharto]] with [[Gerald Ford]] and Kissinger in Jakarta on December 6, 1975, one day before the [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kissinger, Ford, Suharto and Malik (cropped).jpg?width=200 "[[Suharto]] with [[Gerald Ford]] and Kissinger in Jakarta on December 6, 1975, one day before the [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor]]")
![Kissinger, shown here with [[Zhou Enlai]] and [[Mao Zedong]], negotiated rapprochement with China.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kissinger Mao.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger, shown here with [[Zhou Enlai]] and [[Mao Zedong]], negotiated rapprochement with China.")
![Kissinger speaking during [[Gerald Ford]]'s funeral in January 2007](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kissinger speaking during Ford's funeral.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger speaking during [[Gerald Ford]]'s funeral in January 2007")
![Kissinger and U.S. Vice President [[Joe Biden]] at the [[Munich Security Conference]] in February 2009](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Msc 2009-Saturday, 08.30 - 11.00 Uhr-Moerk 015 Biden Kissinger.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger and U.S. Vice President [[Joe Biden]] at the [[Munich Security Conference]] in February 2009")
![On October 31, 1973, Egyptian Foreign Minister [[Ismail Fahmi]] (left) meets with [[Richard Nixon]] (middle) and Henry Kissinger (right), about a week after the end of fighting in the [[Yom Kippur War]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nixon and Kissinger.png?width=200 "On October 31, 1973, Egyptian Foreign Minister [[Ismail Fahmi]] (left) meets with [[Richard Nixon]] (middle) and Henry Kissinger (right), about a week after the end of fighting in the [[Yom Kippur War]].")
![Vladivostok Summit]] in 1974](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/President Ford informally concludes the Vladivostok Summit - NARA - 7062568.jpg?width=200 "Vladivostok Summit]] in 1974")
![President [[Donald Trump]] meeting with Kissinger on May 10, 2017](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/President Trump Meets with Henry Kissinger (33787724293).jpg?width=200 "President [[Donald Trump]] meeting with Kissinger on May 10, 2017")
![Chilean President [[Augusto Pinochet]] shaking hands with Kissinger in 1976](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reunión Pinochet - Kissinger.jpg?width=200 "Chilean President [[Augusto Pinochet]] shaking hands with Kissinger in 1976")
![Kissinger meeting with President [[Ronald Reagan]] in the White House family quarters, 1981](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ronald Reagan and Henry Kissinger.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger meeting with President [[Ronald Reagan]] in the White House family quarters, 1981")
![Kissinger being sworn in as Secretary of State by Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], September 22, 1973. Kissinger's mother, Paula, holds the Bible as President Nixon looks on.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sec of State Kissinger.jpg?width=200 "Kissinger being sworn in as Secretary of State by Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], September 22, 1973. Kissinger's mother, Paula, holds the Bible as President Nixon looks on.")
![[[Angela Merkel]] and Kissinger were at the state funeral for former German Chancellor [[Helmut Schmidt]], November 23, 2015.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WDK 6198 07.JPG?width=200 "[[Angela Merkel]] and Kissinger were at the state funeral for former German Chancellor [[Helmut Schmidt]], November 23, 2015.")
![President [[Barack Obama]] discussing the [[New START]] Treaty between the U.S. and Russia, 2010](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White House meeting about New START Treaty.jpg?width=200 "President [[Barack Obama]] discussing the [[New START]] Treaty between the U.S. and Russia, 2010")
Определение
Википедия
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; German: [ˈkɪsɪŋɐ]; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is an American diplomat, geopolitical consultant, and politician who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances.
Kissinger was a Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938. Upon arriving to the United States, he excelled academically and graduated from Harvard College in 1950, where he studied under William Yandell Elliott. He earned his MA and PhD degrees at Harvard University in 1951 and 1954, respectively.
A practitioner of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977, pioneering the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrating an opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, engaging in what became known as shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East to end the Yom Kippur War, and negotiating the Paris Peace Accords, which ended American involvement in the Vietnam War. Kissinger has also been associated with such controversial policies as U.S. involvement in the 1973 Chilean military coup, a "green light" to Argentina's military junta for their Dirty War, and U.S. support for Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War despite a genocide being perpetrated by Pakistan. After leaving government, he formed Kissinger Associates, an international geopolitical consulting firm. Kissinger has written over a dozen books on diplomatic history and international relations.
Kissinger remains a controversial and polarizing figure in U.S. politics, both venerated by some as a highly effective U.S. Secretary of State and condemned by others for allegedly tolerating or supporting war crimes committed by allied nation states during his tenure. A 2015 survey of top international relations scholars, conducted by College of William & Mary, ranked Kissinger as the most effective U.S. secretary of state in the 50 years to 2015. With the death of centenarian George Shultz in February 2021, Kissinger is the oldest living former U.S. Cabinet member and the last surviving member of Nixon's Cabinet.
